This dataset contains systematically coded archival evidence on interactions between belligerents and humanitarian actors during the Nigerian Civil War. Each observation represents a contextual excerpt drawn from International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Joint Church Aid (JCA) documents, capturing belligerent behavior toward humanitarian operations. Variables include measures of humanitarian need, belligerent capacity, antagonism (criticism, operational restrictions, confiscation, attacks), cooperation, foreign support, and war termination indicators. The dataset underpins the quantitative and qualitative analyses in the associated article and is accompanied by a detailed codebook and Stata do-files for full replication.