The dataset includes weighed food record dietary intakes, anthropometric and socioeconomic data relating to breastfed infants collected under the project: Understanding how dynamic relationships among maternal agency, maternal workload and the food environment affect food choices. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and February 2018 in Bugiri and Kamuli Districts, Eastern Uganda. The sampling frame consisted of lists of all mothers with a child aged between 12 and 23 months who were living in purposefully selected communities that were participating in the Sasakawa Global 2000 Uganda programme. Twelve mother-child pairs in each village were randomly selected to participate in the study using inclusion/exclusion criteria based on availability, age, language barrier, health, ability to consume solid food singleton birth etc. This dataset covers children aged 12-23 months who were breastfed at the time of the study (n=114).