This dataset contains materials supporting the qualitative study, *Strengthening Post-Market COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Surveillance and Research: An Interpretive Description Study from Kenya, South Africa, and Canada*. The study examined clinical, social, and structural/system factors that enable or hinder adverse events following immunization (AEFI) case identification, reporting, data and biosample collection, and participation in vaccine safety research across Kenya, South Africa, and Canada. Participants included key informants involved in AEFI surveillance and research, healthcare workers and research staff involved in vaccine safety evaluation, and past participants in COVID-19 vaccine safety studies. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions and analyzed thematically. Deposited materials include the study protocol and interview guides; country-specific codebooks and qualitative coding exports; de-identified data and supporting quotes from the Canadian and South African study data; and lay summaries of findings. These materials are provided to support transparency and reproducibility of the findings reported in the associated manuscript.