Reviewing the Application of Passive Cooling Techniques in the Design of Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Gombe State University, Nigeria

This study examines the application of passive cooling techniques in the design of the Faculty of Environmental Sciences at Gombe State University (GSU), Nigeria, to address the challenges posed by the region's hot, dry climate and unreliable electricity supply. Using a mixed- method approach—combining case study analysis, climatic data review, and dynamic simulation—the research evaluates strategies such as shading devices, increased thermal mass, natural ventilation, and reflective materials. Results demonstrate that these techniques significantly reduce indoor temperatures and cooling loads, thereby improving thermal comfort and reducing dependence on mechanical cooling systems. The findings advocate for the mainstream adoption of passive cooling in educational buildings across Nigeria, highlighting its potential for energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and cost reduction. The study underscores the importance of climate-responsive design in institutional architecture, especially in regions with harsh climates and limited energy resources. By integrating passive cooling strategies, universities can create conducive learning environments while minimizing operational costs and environmental impacts.