This work characterized the genomic relationship between four wild (Hawassa, Abaya-Chamo, Ziway and Baboogaya) and two cultured (Sebeta and Batu) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) populations in Ethiopia. The study also identified selection signatures using a combined selection signature detection methods (XP-EHH, CLR, and iHS). The data presented here is the ddRAD-seq generated SNP data used for downstream population genomic analysis, which include genetic diversity metrics, selection signature, candidate genes, gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis.