Solar Powered Irrigation for Sustainable Development and Its Risk in Ethiopia

Abstract Background: In recent years, solar energy in Ethiopia has emerged as one of the cleanest, environmentally friendly, and reliable sources of energy. Energy is one of the main inputs of agriculture, especially for small scale irrigation, is becoming a focus in the agricultural water management agenda of the country Ethiopia. In this respect, Solar Powered Irrigation Systems are promoted widely in Ethiopia as the alternative to diesel-run pumps which is widely used by farmers in Ethiopia for sustainable development. These studies investigate the use of solar water pump for sustainable development and its risk in Ethiopia. Method: The investigation is based a review, assessment of inventory reports, scientific literatures and 10 people engaged in research, development, and/or implementation of solar power irrigation system were interviewed in person, household interviews and focus group discussions Result: Solar based Small-scale irrigation is a policy priority in Ethiopia for rural poverty alleviation and growth, as well as climate adaptation, so there is considerable scope for expansion of small scale solar-based irrigation in Ethiopia. The risk is that farmers will consume more water than they did before the introduction of solar powered irrigation water pumping and if not well managed it will cause groundwater over abstraction, leading to depletion and degradation of groundwater resources Conclusion: Sustainable development of the country can be achieved by enhancing solar powered small scale irrigation system to boost agricultural growth by enhancing agricultural productivity, decreases post-harvest loss, increase agribusiness income generation opportunity and revenue and increase energy efficiency and associated savings within the operation of farms and agribusiness while simulating low carbon economic growth within the agricultural sector of the country. Nevertheless, it is important to note that a solar-powered irrigation system if not well managed and regulated creates the risk of supporting unsustainable water use.