Soya consumption patterns and determinants in low-income South African communities: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey

Soya is an affordable, nutrient-dense plant protein with potential to improve food and nutrition security in South Africa. However, limited evidence exists on how low-income consumers understand and use soya-containing foods. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of soya among low-income adults and identified barriers and opportunities for acceptance and use. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire at public taxi ranks in Gauteng Province with high commuter traffic and accessibility. The sample (n=214) was predominantly unmarried adults, reflecting urban, economically vulnerable populations. Findings showed limited knowledge of soya. Many respondents could not identify foods containing soya or describe its nutritional benefits. Misconceptions about usage, processing and health effects were common. Despite this, attitudes toward affordable protein sources were neutral to positive when products were convenient, palatable and easy to prepare. Consumption varied among respondents but mainly occurred in the form of soya mince. Key barriers included limited exposure to whole soya, unfamiliarity with preparation, negative perceptions of processed foods, and poor understanding of nutrition and affordability. Opportunities include consumer education, labelling, culturally relevant product development, and expanding access to soya foods. Although limited to Gauteng commuters, the study provides insights for product innovation and public health messaging.