Studying How Machine Learning Maps Mangroves in Moderate-Resolution Satellite Images

Intertidal mangrove forests are ecosystems that are extremely productive offering diverse socio-economic advantages. Preserving and appropriately using these ecosystems is crucial. However, safeguarding and restoring mangroves present challenges due to their extensive and hard-to-reach areas. Leveraging remote sensing technology and diverse image classification methods has shown promise in accurately mapping and monitoring mangroves. This study reviews the use of machine learning methods in mapping and monitoring mangroves, particularly using moderate-resolution multispectral satellite images. The literature study was conducted by systematically searching and analyzing articles published in Scopus-indexed journals from 2018 and 2023. The primary goals are to uncover methodologies for mapping mangroves with moderate-resolution imagery, identify advancements in machine learning algorithms, and assist researchers in staying updated in this field. The findings reveal that various machine-learning algorithms can be employed to map mangroves. Mangrove mapping with machine learning typically involves stages such as inputting multispectral images, image preprocessing, image classification, and assessing accuracy. Among the techniques, in the case of remote sensing data, ensemble tree-based approaches such as random forest outperform single classifiers. Potential and emerging issues for future research encompass automating the generation of training datasets for specific land cover classification, developing methods to transfer the classification model to different study areas, and making use of cloud-based technologies for processing remote sensing data.