The study aims to investigate the driving forces of rural-urban migration and its impact on the livelihood security of rural households in Gurage zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Cross sectional primary data were collected from randomly selected 384 rural households using semi-structured interview schedule to develop this dataset. The dataset incorporates the necessary quantitative information on the socio-economic, demographic and geographic variables. The variables are properly coded, labeled and entered into the dataset using Stata software version 13.