Tanzania 2006 - 2023 WBES Panel Innovation Capability

We utilize three waves of World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) data from Tanzania (2006, 2013, and 2023). The WBES is a nationally representative sample of firm characteristics, innovation practices, credit access and adoption of technology, management systems and firm outcomes. The surveys employ stratified random sampling by industry, firm size, and geographical location to ensure broad representation of the private sector. This analysis makes use of matched firms measured over different surveys. Data cleaning and removing records with missing information on key variables resulted in a sample of 345 firm-year observations of 115 firms. The panel structure enabled us to exploit both cross-sectional and temporal variation in innovation capability and commercialization outcomes.