Abstract
This paper examines protest language from the late Arab Spring uprisings, more specifically in Tunisia, Egypt and
Iraq – identified as the “Facebook Upheavals”. It explores the discursive aspects of these processes through which social protest
and dissent are constructed and different forms of communication and expression are mobilized. It also examines how the various
modes of representation and dissemination contribute to shaping and influencing social movements and resistance within the Arab
political context, individually and collectively. On the collective level, the paper explores the discursive construction of
collective identities, the formation of alliances, and the negotiation of power relations within and between different protest
movements. This is done by reporting how discourses are used to challenge dominant narratives, contest oppressive structures, and
then to shape the political landscape in the Arab region.