The Institutional Divide: How University Type Shapes AI Learning Impact in Nigeria

This research study examines how AI-driven personalized learning influences the academic performance and engagement of university students in Nigeria. By surveying undergraduates across federal, state, and private institutions, the authors identified a strong positive correlation between the use of AI tools and improved student outcomes. However, the data reveals a significant digital divide, as students at private universities experience the greatest benefits due to superior technological infrastructure and consistent funding. In contrast, the impact of AI is often hindered in state-funded schools by a reliability trap of poor connectivity and inadequate power. Ultimately, the paper argues that while AI has the potential to revolutionize Nigerian higher education, its success depends on national policy reforms that prioritize equitable access to digital resources. Therefore, the authors recommend establishing auditable ICT standards and ethical governance frameworks to ensure all students can effectively utilize these transformative technologies.