The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Health and Well-Being, in Line with the Third Sustainable Development Goal

Currently, in the era of Society 5.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a core strategy to address healthcare challenges and accelerate the achievement of the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target, namely Healthy and Well-Being Lives, with the primary mission of ensuring healthy lives and improving the well-being of all people of all ages. This study aims to map the potential, challenges, and implementation strategies of AI in transforming healthcare services in Indonesia. Using a literature review and thematic analysis method covering the period 2021–2026, the findings indicate that AI has significant potential to optimize the diagnosis of priority diseases and expand access to services through certain platforms. However, its implementation is hampered by the digital infrastructure gap, regulatory gaps in legal accountability, and clinical cultural resistance. The results of the study indicate that achieving equitable acceleration of SDG 3 in Indonesia requires synergy between progressive ethical regulations, equitable infrastructure distribution, and increased humanism-based digital literacy. Furthermore, through the massive integration of data on the SATUSEHAT platform and the expansion of international research collaborations, this smart technology has the potential to become a crucial solution to address the chronic crisis of limited and inequitably distributed medical personnel across Indonesia.