Wireless Sensor Network To Help Low Incomes Farmers To Face Drought Impacts

This research presents the main ideas to implement an intelligent system composed by communicating wireless sensors measuring environmental data linked to drought indicators (such as air temperature, soil moisture , etc...). On the other hand, the setting up of a spatio temporal database communicating with a Web mapping application for a monitoring in real time in activity 24:00 /day, 7 days/week is proposed to allow the screening of the drought parameters time evolution and their extraction. Thus this system helps detecting surfaces touched by the phenomenon of drought. Spatio-temporal conceptual models seek to answer the users who need to manage soil water content for irrigating or fertilizing or other activities pursuing crop yield augmentation. Effectively, spatiotemporal conceptual models enable users to obtain a diagram of readable and easy data to apprehend. Based on socio-economic information, it helps identifying people impacted by the phenomena with the corresponding severity especially that this information is accessible by farmers and stakeholders themselves. The study will be applied in Siliana watershed Northern Tunisia. {"references": ["Rengers, N., Soeters, R. and Westen, C.J. Van (1992) Remote sensing\nand GIS applied to mountain hazard mapping. Episodes, Vol.15, No.1,\nMarch 1992, pp.36-45.", "Johnston C. A, Groffman P, Breshears DD, et al. 2004. Carbon Cycling\nin Soil. Front Ecol Environ 2: 522\u201328.", "D\u00edaz S. E., P\u00e9rez J. C., Mateos A. C., Marinescu M.C., B. B., Guerra,\n2011. A Novel Methodology for the Monitoring of the Agricultural\nProduction Process Based on Wireless Sensor Networks. Computers and\nElectronics in Agriculture, vol. 76, no. 2, pages 252\u2013265, 2011.", "Garcia-Sanchez A. J., Garcia-Sanchez F., J. Garcia-Haro, 2011. Wireless\nSensor Network Deployment for Integrating Video Surveillance and\nData-Monitoring in Precision Agriculture over Distributed Crops.\nComputers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 75, no. 2, pages 288 \u2013\n303, 2011.", "L\u00f3pez Riquelme J.A., F. Soto, J. Suard\u00edaz, P. S\u00e1nchez, A. Iborra and\nJ.A. Vera, 2009. Wireless Sensor Networks for Precision Horticulture in\nSouthern Spain. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 68, no.\n1, pages 25 \u2013 35, 2009.", "Wark T., P. Corke, P. Sikka, L. Klingbeil, Ying Guo, C. Crossman, P.\nValencia, D. Swain and G. Bishop-Hurley, 2007. Transforming\nAgriculture through Pervasive Wireless Sensor Networks. Pervasive\nComputing, IEEE, vol. 6, no. 2, pages 50\u201357, 2007.", "Eagleson, P.S. (1994) the Evolution of Modern Hydrology (from\nWatershed to Continent in 30 years), Advances in Water Resources 17\n(1994), 3-18.", "Parent C., Spaccapietra S., Zim\u00e1nyi E., Donni P., Plazanet C., Vangenot\nC., Rognon N., Rausaz P. MADS, Mod\u00e8le Conceptuel Spatio-Temporel.\nRevue Internationale de G\u00e9omatique, 1997, Vol. 7, n\u00b03-4, pp. 317-351.", "B\u00e9dard Y., 1999. Visual Modelling of Spatial Databases: Towards\nSpatial PVL and UML, G\u00e9omatica, 53(2), pp.169-186.\n[10] Spaccapietra S., Parent C., Zim\u00e1nyi E., 1998. Modeling Time from a\nConceptual Perspective, In: Int. Conf. on Information and Knowledge\nManagement (CIKM 1998).\n[11] Parent C., Spaccapietra S., Zim\u00e1nyi E., 1999. Spatio-Temporal\nConceptual Models: Data Structures + Space + Time, Proceedings of the\n7th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic\ninformation systems. GIS'99.Kansas City, Missouri, USA.\n[12] Laplanche F., 2002, Conception de Projet Sig Avec UML. Bulletin de\nLa Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ographique de Li\u00e8ge, 42, pp.19-25.\n[13] Brodeur J., B\u00e9dard Y. et Proulx M.-J., 2000. Modelling Geospatial\nApplication Databases Using UML Based Repositories Aligned with\nInternational Standards in Geomatics, ACMGIS 2000, November 10-11,\nWashington DC, USA.\n[14] Guti\u00e9rrez C., Servigne S., Laurini R., 2007. Towards Real-time\nMetadata for Network-Based Geographic Databases, In: ISSDQ 2007 \u2013\n5th International Symposium, Spatial Data Quality 2007. p. 8. ITC,\nEnschede, the Netherlands, pp.13-15.\n[15] Fantazi W., Ezzedine T, 2012. International Conference on Information\nProcessing and Wireless Systems March 16-18, 2012 Sousse, Tunisia.\nIP-WIS \u00ab Architecture of Real-Time Spatio-Temporal Metadata for\nWireless Sensor \u00bb.\n[16] Fantazi W., Ezzedine T., Z. Bargaoui, 2014. Implementing a Sensor\nNetwork for Monitoring of Drought Indicators. In International\nScientific Symposium of Water Management and Desertification 26-\n28th November 2014 Istanbul/ Turkey.\n[17] Pankaj Sharma. 2013, Socio-Economic Implications of Wireless Sensor\nNetworks with Special Reference to its Application in Agriculture, in\nAfrican Journal of Computing & ICT, Vol 6. No. 2, June 2013, pp.31-\n40."]}