汉语和阿肯语量词的异同比较 A Comparative Study of Measure Words in Chinese and Akan การเปรียบเทียบความเหมือนและความแตกต่างของคำลักษณนามในภาษาจีนและภาษาอะกัน

量词是不同语言中表达数量概念的重要词类,其在汉语与阿肯语中的运用体现了两种语言独特的文化与结构特征。阿肯语虽无量词这一独立词类,却存在类量词现象。本研究以语言类型学与语言对比为理论基础,综合运用问卷调查与语料库方法,系统比较汉语量词与阿肯语类量词系统的异同,并探讨上述差异对语言学习与教学的影响。研究发现,两种语言的量词使用既受制结构特点制约,也与语言的社会功能密切相关。加纳学习者在习得汉语量词时,名量词的基本用法较易掌握,而动量词的习得相对薄弱,偏误频发。文章进一步分析了影响习得的因素,并提出针对性的教学策略。本研究为汉语量词的跨语言对比提供了新证据,也为面向非洲学习者的汉语教学提供了实践参考。 Measure words, as a crucial lexical category for expressing quantity across languages, reveal the distinct cultural and structural features of Chinese and Akan. Although Akan does not have an independent class of measure words, it exhibits classifier-like phenomena. Grounded in language typology and contrastive analysis, this study employs questionnaires and corpus methods to systematically compare Chinese measure words and Akan classifier-like items, examining how their similarities and differences impact language learning and teaching. The findings show that the use of measure words in both languages is shaped not only by structural properties but also by socio-functional factors. Among Ghanaian learners, basic nominal measure words are relatively easy to acquire, whereas the acquisition of verbal measure words remains weaker and more prone to errors. The study further analyzes factors affecting acquisition and proposes targeted teaching strategies. This research provides new evidence for cross-linguistic studies of Chinese measure words and offers practical implications for teaching Chinese to African learners.