A Pragmatic Analysis of Taboo Expressions in Idoma Language

Taboo expressions are words or phrases that are considered forbidden to be used in a particular culture or society. In Idoma language and culture, they are forbidden to be used except by certain people (old ones) in certain situations. This research carried out a pragmatic analysis of the taboo expressions in Idoma language, focusing on the politeness and euphemism of their usage. The study adopted qualitative, descriptive, and discursive research approaches which hinged on the proposition of Brown and Levinson’s (1978) politeness theory com principles. The analysis revealed that the Idoma taboo expressions are classified into various groups depending on the usage. They are social related, sex related, or cultural related. Taboo expressions are prevalent in the Idoma language with different functions, but people avoid using them because of their implications in the society, and opt for euphemisms. They are used by the elders, sometimes, to correct youngsters about their immoral acts which may bring psychological shame on them. To avoid the extinction of some vital expressions in the language, this study recommended that taboo expressions can be used in private discussions – among couples, friends, and relatives. Also, writers of Idoma texts should endeavour to document aspects of the Idoma taboo expressions. Having contributed to the extant literature on the Idoma language, the research called for further studies to be carried out on the cultural and ideological implications of taboo usage, and how taboo expressions should be taught to the young so as to know how to use or avoid them.  Keywords: Taboos and Taboo Expressions, Taboo Expressions and Euphemisms, Pragmatics, Idoma People, Idoma Language, Politeness Theory