A systematic review on the prevalence, risk factors, bacterial profiles, and antibiogram of bovine mastitis in Kenya

Background: Mastitis will remain one of the most expensive diseases in dairy farming, with significant impacts on farmers’ economic returns. Although several studies in Kenya have investigated various aspects of bovine mastitis, there is still need for a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge from these studies. Objective: In this review, we will analyse the prevalence, associated factors, bacterial profiles, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bovine mastitis reported in Kenya. Methodology: We will conduct an extensive systematic search adhering to PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library databases, relevant university library repositories, and citation searches. We will perform a meta-analysis using STATA 19.0 software to calculate pooled prevalence estimates of clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM) and to assess heterogeneity. We will use frequencies and percentages to summarise associated risk factors, bacterial profiles, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates. Expected Outcomes: This review is expected to generate robust pooled prevalence estimates of CM and SCM in Kenya and identify major risk factors contributing to mastitis occurrence. We anticipate mapping the dominant bacterial pathogens associated with bovine mastitis and identifying prevailing antibiotic resistance patterns. The findings will provide an evidence base to guide targeted mastitis control strategies, inform prudent antibiotic use, and support policy development for improved udder health management in Kenyan dairy systems.