An efficient modified Lax–Wendroff/interpolation approach with finite element method for a three-dimensional system of tectonic stress and deformation model: Example of landslides in Cameroon

This paper develops an efficient computational technique to assess the landslide responses to tectonic deformation and to predict the implications of large bedrocks landslides on the short and long-term development of the disasters. The considered equations represent a three-dimensional system of geological structure deformation subject to suitable initial and boundary conditions. The space derivatives are approximated using the finite element procedure while the approximation in time derivative is obtained using the Lax–Wendroff and interpolation techniques. The new approach is so-called a modified Lax–Wendroff/interpolation method with a finite element method. The modified Lax–Wendroff/interpolation scheme is employed to efficiently treat the time derivative term and to provide a suitable time step restriction for stability. Under this time step requirement, both stability and error estimates of the new algorithm are deeply analyzed using a constructed strong norm. The theory suggests that the developed computational technique is second-order accurate in time and spatial convergent with order O(h3), where h denotes the space size. A wide set of numerical examples are carried out to confirm the theoretical results and to demonstrate the utility and validity of the proposed numerical scheme. Some examples of landslides observed in west and center regions in Cameroon from 29 October 2019 to 5–7 November 2024 are also considered and discussed.