An Intervention Study Protocol on Reducing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) via Nutritional Supplementation in Women of Reproductive Age

Abstract Background Following the Bayelsa Oil and Environment Commission (BSOEC ) 2023 report, it is evident that women in the Niger Delta are living in a toxic milieu of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). These toxins cross the placental barrier, leading to a silent epidemic of miscarriages and congenital anomalies. Current medical interventions start too late, usually during the second trimester of pregnancy, after the critical window of organogenesis has already been compromised by environmental pollutants. Objective This project aims to evaluate the efficacy of a targeted antioxidant micronutrient regimen (Vitamins C, E, Zinc, Selenium, and Folic Acid) in reducing systemic PAH biomarkers and improving neonatal outcomes. Methodology: This 18-month Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) comprising a cohort of 200 Women of Reproductive Age Group (WRAG) will be recruited and randomized into two arms. The Intervention Arm will receive the enhanced antioxidant regimen and environmental education, while the Control Arm will receive the standard WHO prenatal package (Iron/Folic Acid). Primary endpoints include the reduction of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and blood DNA adducts, measured via GC-MS and HPLC at baseline, 3, and 6 months. A "Washout Analysis" using steady-state kinetic modeling will quantify net toxicant clearance despite ongoing environmental exposure. Expected Outcomes: We hypothesize that the intervention will result in a 30–45% reduction in systemic PAH biomarkers and a significant improvement in birth weights and morphological scores for infants born during the study period. Impact: The intervention provides a scalable, cost-effective model for precision prevention in polluted corridors globally. By shifting focus to preconception biochemical fortification, this research offers a proactive defense for maternal health and the biological integrity of the next generation in the Niger Delta.