Anglican Baptisms of People of African Descent in Barbados is a dataset comprising records of 4,822 non-white individuals baptized in the Church of England in colonial Barbados between 1651 and 1800. This dataset offers a detailed look into the intersection of race, religion, and society during the height of the British Atlantic slave trade by providing data for historians, genealogists, and educators. The dataset records the names, dates, gender, condition of servitude, and racial classifications, which allows for an in-depth analysis of the social dynamics within the Church of England and its non-white congregants in Barbados. The dataset also raises significant questions for future research, such as the role of Anglicanism in the social mobility of non-white people. This research is connected to a similar dataset on Anglican baptisms in Jamaica previously published in the Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation. Researchers are encouraged to look at the datasets together for a better understanding of the complex relationship between Anglicanism and the institution of slavery in Barbados, Jamaica, and the wider British Atlantic. Additional resources can be found at www.religionandslavery.org. Layla Hubler and Alexander Peterson contributed to the dataset.