This dataset contains the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) data used in the retrospective study of AMR in 14 African nations, and published on PLOS Medicine. The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Antimicrobial Use (AMU) Partnership (MAAP) consortium gathered retrospective data on AMR and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) from selected human health facilities across 14 African countries. AMR data were collected from 205 laboratories, while AMC data were obtained from 327 hospitals and community pharmacies. The data were analyzed to generate insights into the prevalence of AMR and patterns of antibiotic use in these countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Eswatini, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe).