Abstract
The sustained interest in apology discourse across languages stems from its critical social functions. However, research on apologies in African languages and English as a second language remains limited. This study examines the influence of gender on apology strategies, their potential innateness, and the similarities between Nigerian teenagers and both native and non-native English speakers. It also explores pedagogical and conflict-resolution implications. Employing Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) framework, data from 1,000 participants with no formal apology instruction were analysed using frequency analysis, percentages, and chi-square tests. The results reveal notable similarities in the use of apology strategies, supporting the notion of innateness. No significant gender differences were found. Key implications include reinforcing the general-purpose English pedagogical approach, integrating studies on apologies into language education, fostering self-discipline to reduce conflicts, and promoting women's involvement in mediation efforts.