Purpose – The puropse of this paper is to explore the extent to which principles o
The global trend towards Industry 4.0 has raised demand to incorporate technology in the ma
Background: The significant economic importance of the country’s automotive industry provided the co
Orientation: Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is causing significant changes in the manufacturing industry, and i
The innovation of technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), has rapidly changed the wor