Assessing the Examination Accessibility Challenges among Visually Impaired Students of Tertiary Institutions in North Eastern Nigeria

Visually impaired students in tertiary institutions continue to face significant barriers during examinations, frequently relying on human aides in ways that compromise independence and assessment integrity. This study reports a descriptive cross-sectional survey of examination accessibility challenges among 59 visually impaired students purposively sampled from seven tertiary institutions across North Eastern Nigeria. Data were collected using a 20-item, five-point Likert-scale questionnaire, validated by experts in special education and covering five thematic domains: accessibility and examination format, assistive technology, time management, emotional and psychological experience, and institutional support.