Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Substance Dependence: A Cross-sectional Study in Kenya

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome and its defining components remain an understudied area of human health research in Kenya and Africa. Understanding the relationship between substance dependence and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome is critical in prevention and clinical management of the related complications. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in 6 rehabilitative centers in 3 counties in Kenya with a conveniently selected sample size of 166 participants. A signed informed consent was obtained from each participant following which anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the relationship of the defining criteria with the substance of dependence. Results: A quarter of the respondents were overweight and 6% obese. Fasting blood glucose was elevated in 62% of the sampled population with triglycerides having a significant variation with a mean of 216.95mg/dl and a standard deviation of 151.107. A prevalence rate of 4.8% was established based on the Harmonized Joint Scientific Statement on Metabolic syndrome for the African region. 87.34% of the population showed at least one elevated defining criteria with alcohol as the most prevalent substance of dependence. There was statistical difference of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides with alcohol use. Conclusion: The findings indicate that alcohol use resulted to elevated levels of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides. There is need for emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to substance dependence and metabolic syndrome management integrating physical activity interventions, dietary modifications and psychotherapeutic approaches.