Biopesticides in cowpea pest and disease management: economic viability and environmental feasibility in Africa

Biopesticides are increasingly promoted as safer alternatives to synthetic pesticides, offering targeted pest control with reduced environmental risks. Recent studies indicate growing evidence of biopesticide efficacy in Africa. However, there are gaps in understanding their compatibility with other management practices, financial viability, cost-effectiveness and social implications. The study conducted within EWA BELT Project showed that the production cost of both neem and Cassia nigricans treatments was the same. Cassia nigricans treatment recorded the highest gross revenue and net revenue. Both treatments, however, had a marginal rate of return (MRR) which was far higher than the minimum acceptable MRR of 100% compared to the control. They were all financially viable; however, Cassia nigricans was most profitable. Biopesticides are classified as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Neem and Cassia nigricans products contribute to soil fertility enhancement and prevent erosion. Despite profitability and environmental feasibility, farmer education is crucial for the wider adoption of biopesticides in African agriculture.