Abstract This paper discusses new policy and legislation in South Africa with regard to inclusive education, and the emerging new role for educational psychologists as opposed to the traditional ‘within-child’ deficit approach. The first part of this paper centres on the historical context in which policy emerged, and why the need for change was so critical. The second part examines a recent policy initiative, White Paper 6 (Department of Education, July 2001) that signifies a shift to a more systemic approach to education support services, educational psychology and a focus on barriers to learning and participation experienced by learners. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of the challenges and implications of policy for the changing role of educational psychologists in South Africa.