CHARACTERIZATION OF DECORATIVE ELEMENTS (STUCCOES, MORTARS AND PLASTER LAYERS) IN ALEXAN PASHA PALACE, ASSIUT, EGYPT

This paper is a contribution concerning the used building materials in Alexan Pasha Palace in Assiut that dates back to the 20th century. Since those building materials are exposed to damage over time, this paper focuses on an archaeometric analysis of selected original samples of some joining and decorative building materials (stucco layers, mortars, and plaster) to determine their composition in terms of raw materials and manufacturing technology. That helps in making the correct and suitable decision for the restoration plan. Samples underwent PLM, XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and TGA/DTA analyses and investigations, revealing that calcite, gypsum, and quartz are the main components of raw materials used, in addition to some additives that were used for improving the mechanical properties and the aesthetic workability of main building materials. Severe deterioration conditions over a 120-year period resulted in a decayed microstructure of materials networks. Furthermore, the findings highlighted the crystal changes of the gypsum and calcite over time that were attributed to severe dominated conditions. In conclusion, these results will be used in the conservation-restoration interventions of the decoration elements that contribute to the continuity of the artistic and aesthetic value of the palace and such similar cases.