This book brings together interdisciplinary research that explores the interconnected challenges of agriculture, climate change, environmental systems, and rural livelihoods. The chapters collectively emphasize the importance of scientific analysis, sustainable practices, and economic viability in strengthening food systems and enhancing resilience in vulnerable regions. The chapter Poultry-Associated Helminths and Protozoa: Multilocus Genetic Insights and Phylogenetic Patterns provides a detailed biological perspective on animal health, highlighting how genetic and phylogenetic analyses contribute to improved disease understanding and management in poultry production. This scientific foundation is essential for safeguarding livestock productivity and food safety. Broader environmental and socio-economic dimensions are addressed in Agriculture, Food Security, and Rural Livelihoods under Climate Stress and Analysis of Climate Trends and Future Predictions of Temperature and Precipitation in Sétif Province: An Environmental Engineering Approach to Climate Change. Together, these chapters examine how changing climatic conditions affect agricultural systems and rural communities, while offering data-driven insights to support adaptation and planning. The final chapter, Financial Efficiency of Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) Cultivation Model in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, focuses on economic sustainability at the farm level. By analyzing a practical cultivation model, it illustrates how locally adapted, resource- efficient practices can enhance income generation and resilience. Collectively, these chapters provide readers with a comprehensive perspective on integrating biological science, climate analysis, and economic strategies to support sustainable agricultural development.