Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience in Nigeria: Challenges, Advances, and Opportunities

Cognitive and developmental neuroscience in Nigeria faces a range of challenges, including limited research infrastructure, insufficient awareness, and cultural barriers that hinder early diagnosis and intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Despite these obstacles, significant progress has been made through collaborations with international organizations such as the International Brain Research Organization–Africa Regional Committee (IBRO-ARC), International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN), and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), which have provided crucial funding and mentorship to Nigerian neuroscientists. These partnerships have enabled access to advanced research methodologies and fostered knowledge exchange within the African context, particularly through initiatives like the African Brain and Cognitive Development Network (AfriBCD). The impact of maternal and childhood infections, including malaria and congenital viruses, on neurodevelopment highlights the need for targeted public health measures. This article reviews the current state of cognitive and developmental neuroscience in Nigeria, focusing on ongoing research efforts, key challenges, and opportunities for future growth. Strengthening local capacity, expanding sustainable funding opportunities, and facilitating the translation of research into clinical practice are critical steps toward improving the management of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in Nigeria and enhancing long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.