Historical research on social policy is often hindered by a lack of comparative data. This is especially true for low income countries, thus inhibiting both theoretical and empirical advances in related literatures. With the construction of the Colonial Actors and Social Policy Dataset (CASP), we contribute to filling this gap. CASP provides information on British and French colonies in inter-war Africa (1919-39), with a focus on capturing variation in actor constellations and social policies across time and space. We hope CASP is a useful resource for researchers interested in the comparative-historical study of colonialism and social policy. This dataset is the result of a project funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Program (Grant Agreement No. 755129).