Continental prosperity represents an economically integrated, stable, and developed Africa where citizens enjoy improved living standards and access to productive employment. Engineering education is central to this vision because it develops the technical and problem-solving capacity required to build infrastructure and industrial capability. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers strategic opportunities to enhance engineering teaching, learning, and research, though its potential is contingent on institutional capability and infrastructure readiness. This paper presents a policy-oriented conceptual perspective based on a structured scoping synthesis focused primarily on literature published from 2018 to 2026, supplemented by selected foundational sources. Applying a Context-Capability-Outcome (CCO) theoretical framework, the study synthesizes global and regional evidence, examines key pedagogical applications of AI, evaluates infrastructure and governance limitations using empirical metrics, and presents an actionable implementation roadmap for institutional reform.