Data from: Reed frog diversification in the Gulf of Guinea: overseas dispersal, the progression rule, and in situ speciation

Oceanic islands accumulate endemic species when new colonists diverge from source populations or by in situ diversification of resident island endemics. The relative importance of dispersal versus in situ speciation in generating diversity on islands varies with a number of archipelago characteristics including island size, age, and remoteness. Here we characterize inter-island dispersal and in situ speciation in frogs endemic to the Gulf of Guinea islands. Using mitochondrial sequence and genome-wide SNP data we demonstrate that dispersal proceeded from the younger island (São Tomé) to the older island (Príncipe) indicating that for organisms that disperse overseas on rafts, dispersal between islands may be determined by ocean currents and not island age. We find that dispersal between the islands is not ongoing, resulting in genotypically distinct but phenotypically similar lineages on the two islands. Finally, we demonstrate that in situ diversification on São Tomé Island likely proceeded in allopatry due to the geographic separation of breeding sites, resulting in phenotypically distinct species. We find evidence of hybridization between the species where their ranges are sympatric and the hybrid zone coincides with a transition from agricultural land to primary forest, indicating that anthropogenic development may have facilitated secondary contact between previously allopatric species. Structure Main Data FileThis text file contains SNP data at 3644 loci for 78 samples of Hyperolius molleri and H. thomensis from São Tomé and Príncipe. The dataset includes only the first SNP from loci that are present in at least 75% of individuals in each of the three lineages (H. molleri Príncipe, H. molleri São Tomé, H. thomensis São Tomé). The first row of the file is the locus name, which corresponds to the locus ID in the catalog of loci generated by STACKS. Missing data indicated by “0".Islands_3644SNPs.txtSNAPP Input FileThis xml file contains SNP data at 467 loci for 5 samples of Hyperolius molleri from São Tomé, 5 samples of H. molleri from Príncipe, 5 H. thomensis from São Tomé, and 6 samples of the out group H. cinnamomeoventris from Gabon. The dataset includes biallelic SNPs present in at least two individuals in each of the four lineages. Homozygous positions indicated by 0 or 2, heterozygous positions indicated by 1, missing data indicated by “-“.IslandsOutGroup_467SNPs.xmlNewHybrids Input FileThis text file contains SNP data for 61 samples of Hyperolius molleri and H. thomensis from São Tomé. The complete set of 3644 SNPs used in the STRUCTURE analysis was pruned to only include SNPs with a minor allele frequency > 0.2 (386 SNPs). The fifth row of the file is the locus name, which corresponds to the locus ID in the catalog of loci generated by STACKS. Samples with assignment probabilities > 0.99 to either the H. molleri or H. thomensis deme in the STRUCTURE analysis are designated as “parental” genotypes with either the z0 or z1 flags. Missing data indicated by “00".SaoTomeHybrids_386SNPs.txt