Data collected as part of two cross-sectional surveys to investigate metabolic outcomes and markers of inflammation in urban and rural locations in Uganda. It contains information obtained from 313 participants (one row represents one participant). 48 variables are recorded, including data on inflammatory markers (cytokines and chemokines), location of residence (urban versus rural), metabolic parameters (including HOMA-IR, blood pressure, blood glucose) and socio-demographic characteristics. Participants completed questionnaires to collect socio-demographic information. Measurements including blood pressure and anthropometry were taken. Participants gave blood samples which were used to determine metabolic outcomes and levels of inflammatory markers.