Datasets and code for alpine <em>Festuca</em>: AFLP, ITS, and plastid alignments supporting Pleistocene sky-island colonization in Tropical Africa

The afroalpine sky-islands present one of the most interesting models to study discrete biogeographic patterns in a terrestrial island system. Here, we performed range-wide sampling of the afroalpine clade of fine-leaved Festuca grasses. We focus on the widespread species F. abyssinica and explore the role of the eastern and western African sky-islands in the evolution of biodiversity and its dispersal patterns. We combine data from field surveys, phylogeography, coalescence-based dispersal modelling, and environmental niche and dispersal costs analyses to infer patterns of genetic diversity, genealogical relationships, colonization routes, and range shifts under two Quaternary climates (current - to represent warm periods and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) - to represent cold periods).**** The westernmost populations in East Africa show higher genetic diversity and higher similarities with the West African populations and the Ethiopian Simen Mountains than with the more closely situated East African populations. Dispersal models and ecological niche predictions of F. abyssinica supported multiple long-distance dispersals (LDD) among the eastern African sky-islands, and at least two dispersal events between the two sides of Africa (0.86 Ma and 0.52 Ma), probably facilitated by bridging suitable habitats during the coldest periods of the Pleistocene. We hypothesize an afroalpine mountain-hopping dispersal model, with migrations occurring between adjacent sky-islands in eastern Africa, and through a Central Africa - Sudan pathway connecting afroalpine patches on the two sides of the continent. These data contain the *Festuca abyssinica* datasets (original AFLP data matrix of Afroalpine *Festuca* species, ITS, trnLF, and trnTL nexus alignments used in the phylogenetic analyses, and input/script files used to perform the dating and DIYABC analyses) associated with the manuscript *Multiple mountain-hopping colonization of sky-islands on the two sides of Tropical Africa during the Pleistocene: the afroalpine Festuca grasses* (Journal of Biogeography, [doi.org](doi.org)). Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzb6](10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzb6) ## Description of the data and file structure The data file included in "DRYAD_FESTUCA_doi_10.5061_dryad.bcc2fqzb6__v3.zip" are original AFLP data matrix of Afroalpine Festuca species, ITS, trnLF and trnTL nexus alignments used in the phylogenetic analyses, and input/scripts files used to perform the dating and DIYABC analyses. ## Code/software MrBaYES, AFLPscore, and DIYABC software