This de-identified dataset was generated from a facility-based cross-sectional study conducted among mothers and their newborns at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, from December 2024 to March 2025. The study assessed the prevalence of low birth weight and factors associated with low birth weight among newborns. The dataset includes information on maternal sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and clinical characteristics, maternal anthropometric and nutritional indicators, household food security, water, sanitation and hygiene characteristics, and newborn birth weight. The dataset was collected through maternal interviews, medical record review, and direct anthropometric measurements. Personal identifiers and medical record numbers were removed to protect participants' confidentiality.