Determinants of persistent malaria transmission in the Arjo-Didessa farm area in Ethiopia

Background: In tropical and subtropical areas of the world, malaria is still a serious public health concern. Activities related to agricultural development that involve irrigation schemes likely increase the risk of malaria in tropical and sub-Saharan African regions. Ethiopia is a sub-Saharan country where malaria is endemic. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants related to the persistence of malaria transmission in the Arjo-Didessa sugarcane farm area in southwest Ethiopia. Method: The study employed a quantitative survey design. Quantitative data were collected from 397 households using structured questionnaires. SPSS Statistics version 26 was used to analyse the data. Z- and Chi-square tests were applied, and the data were analysed using logistic regression. Results: The determinants that were identified included variation in land use, water management practices, socioeconomic status and knowledge about the use of anti-malaria treatment. These were shown to contribute to increased malaria transmission and the rise in malaria cases in agricultural areas. Conclusion: The effectiveness of malaria control in agricultural settings can be improved through free access to malaria testing and treatment as well as knowledge about anti-malaria treatment among the residents in agricultural areas. Contribution: The study revealed key determinants, including the promotion of free access to anti-malaria treatment, which should be considered for the effective management of malaria in agricultural areas.