Determinants of Self-Medication in the Management of Severe Malaria in Kamina, DRC

Abstract Introduction: Self-medication constitutes a major public health problem, particularly in malaria management in sub-Saharan Africa, where it contributes to treatment delays, complications, and increased mortality associated with severe forms of the disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the determinants of self-medication in the management of severe malaria in the Kamina Health Zone. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from January 20 to May 20, 2024, among 231 patients who had suffered from severe malaria and had been admitted to Kamina General Referral Hospital, BUMI Referral Health Center, and Bon Berger Polyclinic during the study period. The patient themselves responded when they were able to do so, or their parent/guardian/caregiver when the patient was a minor or unable to respond. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire configured on the Kobotoolbox platform. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23. Associations were tested using Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of self-medication (P < 0.05). Results The results of this study showed that the prevalence of self-medication in the management of severe malaria in our study setting was 33.3%. The determinants of self-medication in our study setting were: lack of information about the prohibition of self-medication; poor assessment of the quality of care provided at the health facility; lack of education; and low socioeconomic status. Conclusion Self-medication in the management of severe malaria remains common in Kamina and is strongly influenced by informational, educational, and socioeconomic factors, as well as by perceptions of the quality of healthcare.