Determinants of the Agroecological Transition in Togo in a Context of Climate Change: A Multi-level Analysis

Faced with the worsening effects of climate change in West Africa, agroecology is emerging as a sustainable alternative to strengthen the resilience of agricultural systems. In Togo, where rainfed agriculture is the economic pillar, this transition remains unevenly underway. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that determine the adoption of agroecological practices and to analyze their interactions through a multi-level approach. Data were collected in three representative prefectures (Oti-Sud, Binah, and Tchamba) from 398 producers, supplemented by interviews, focus groups, and field observations. The analysis uses Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and principal component analysis, triangulated with qualitative and climatic data. The results reveal that integrated adoption depends mainly on the Level of education, cooperative membership, technical training, and agricultural income, while endogenous knowledge and rural institutions structure local transition trajectories. Weak infrastructure, climate variability, and institutional constraints remain significant obstacles. These findings underscore the need for tailored policies and effective financing mechanisms to enhance the sustainability and resilience of Togolese agricultural systems.