Drive Safari Dynamics: Investigating the Impact of Time, Season, and Loop on Diurnal Mammal Sightings in Mole National Park

Understanding the impact of time, season, and loop on diurnal mammal sightings is crucial for informing effective wildlife management strategies to optimize tourist experiences. This study, therefore documented the effect of time, season and loops on the sighting of diurnal mammal species during drive safari at Mole National Park (MNP). The variables (time, season and loops) were investigated to disclose their influence on sightings.  Day drive safari was used as a study method for observation and counting the animals for 1 hour minimum and a maximum of 4 hours; questionnaires were also used to solicit information on tourists' preference for diurnal mammal species to sight. The data gathered was analyzed using R version 4.3.1. A one-way ANOVA function in the car package was used to determine significant differences between variables. Seventeen diurnal mammal species were sighted in the loops of MNP. The season had no significant effects on sighting diurnal mammals in most loops except in the Burugbani and Zaina loops. Time of day had no significant influence on the sighting of diurnal mammals, but loops had a significant effect. Kobs were the most abundantly sighted diurnal mammal species in all the loops. Grey Duiker and Hartebeest were sighted only at the Burugbani and Asibey loops, respectively. Roan Antelopes were sighted at both the Asibey and Burugbani loops. Diurnal mammal abundance was highest in the Asibey loop, whereas the Zaina loop recorded the least. The African Savanna Elephant was the most expected diurnal mammal species to be sighted among tourists. In conclusion, MNP is a refuge for several diurnal mammal species that tourists can see during drive safaris. Management of Mole National Park should consider adjusting safari routes and times to coincide with peak animal activity periods, as identified in the study. This is essential in enhancing visitor’s experience. We further recommend minimising the frequency and timing of loop visits to reduce disturbance to animals and maximize sighting opportunities.