Effect of Curriculum Structure on Outcome-Based Education Implementation in Mechanical Engineering Technician Training in Public TVET Institutions in Kenya

ABSTRACT Outcome-Based Education (OBE) is an instructional approach that emphasizes the attainment of clearly defined competencies, focusing on what learners can demonstrably perform upon completion of training. Kenya adopted OBE through the Competency Based Education and Training (CBET) framework in public Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in September 2023. This study evaluated the effect of the mechanical engineering technician curriculum structure on the effectiveness of OBE implementation in public TVET institutions in the Mount Kenya region. A descriptive survey research design incorporating quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. Using Yamane's (1967) formula, a sample of 288 participants was selected from a target population of 1,000, with 281 respondents participating, comprising 249 trainees, 24 trainers, four Heads of Department, and four institution principals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview guides. Instrument validity was established through expert review, while reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's Alpha (α = 0.78). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation with the help of SPSS version 29, while qualitative data complemented the quantitative findings. The results revealed a strong, statistically significant positive relationship between curriculum structure and the effectiveness of OBE implementation among trainers (r = 0.907, p < .001) and trainees (r = 0.874, p < .001). The study concludes that curriculum structure is a key determinant of successful OBE implementation. There is a need to strengthen collaboration between TVET institutions, TVETA, and CDACC to support responsive curriculum review, while enhancing academic board participation and integrating innovation and entrepreneurship into curriculum implementation to improve graduate competencies and employability.