This dataset contains raw survey data collected from 155 professional and non-professional construction workers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Respondents rated the perceived effects of poor mental health on 24 construction project performance indicators using a five-point Likert scale (1 = Very Low, 2 = Low, 3 = Average, 4 = High, 5 = Very High). The 24 indicators were identified from a review of the literature on the effects of mental health on project performance in the construction industry. The dataset includes four demographic variables (profession of respondent, highest level of education completed, years of experience in construction, and duration in current job) and item-level responses for all 24 variables.