Examining the Socioeconomic Barriers to Implementing Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Northwest Nigeria

This research examined the Socioeconomic barriers to implementing Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Northwest Nigeria, specifically in Sokoto, Zamfara, and Katsina States. Utilising political ecology theory as a framework, a mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating a survey of 700 participants (with 684 responses deemed valid) and focus group discussions involving stakeholders. Descriptive statistics identified poverty (50.3%), insecurity and conflict (36%), and lack of awareness (13.7%) as the primary barriers to the adoption of NbS. Chi-square tests revealed significant correlations between education, income, occupation, and perceived barriers (p < 0.05). Qualitative results supported these findings, with respondents noting that insecurity is a significant hindrance to agricultural activities, poverty limits environmental investments, and a lack of awareness represents a cultural and knowledge gap. The combined findings highlight that interconnected socioeconomic, political, and security factors influence the adoption of NbS in fragile environments. The study concludes that without addressing poverty, insecurity, and gaps in awareness, NbS initiatives will fail to achieve sustainability. It suggests policy reforms, support for livelihoods, security improvements, awareness initiatives, and collaboration among multiple stakeholders. This research contributes to the understanding of NbS barriers in conflict-impacted areas and offers evidence-based strategies for bolstering climate resilience in Nigeria.