Examining Waste Disposal Practices of Women's Artificial Hair from a Circular Economy Perspective

The global beauty industry has witnessed rapid growth in the use of synthetic hair products, yet the disposal of these non-biodegradable materials remains poorly documented, particularly in developing countries. In Lusaka District, Zambia, where artificial hair holds cultural and aesthetic significance among women, limited empirical evidence exists on how this waste stream is managed or how circular economy approaches could support sustainable disposal practices. This study examined women’s artificial hair disposal practices in Lusaka District from a circular economy perspective. Specifically, it explored current disposal practices, barriers to circular waste management, and opportunities for developing sustainable management systems within the beauty sector. An exploratory qualitative case study design was employed and guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, Circular Economy, and Stakeholder Theories. Participants were purposively selected from key actors within the artificial hair value chain and recruited until data saturation was achieved, resulting in 36 participants comprising consumers (18), salon operators (10), and hair waste pickers (8). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion and analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that artificial hair is predominantly disposed of through mixed household waste and open burning, reflecting a largely linear waste management system. Barriers to circular practices included limited awareness of circular economy principles, inadequate recycling infrastructure, socio-cultural concerns surrounding the misuse of hair for ritual purposes, and economic constraints affecting salon operators. Despite these challenges, participants expressed willingness to engage in collection initiatives when supported by incentives and institutional partnerships. The study concludes that while artificial hair waste management in Lusaka remains predominantly linear, significant potential exists for transition toward circular systems through improved infrastructure, public awareness, incentives, and stakeholder collaboration. The study contributes empirical insight into an under-researched plastic waste stream and offers policy-relevant recommendations for sustainable urban waste management.