Factors Influencing Biomedical Equipment Maintenance and Sustained Functionality in Africa: A Scoping Review

Biomedical equipment is essential for safe and effective healthcare delivery, yet maintenance challenges continue to affect equipment functionality and lifecycle performance across African health systems. A range of structural, operational, financial, environmental, and human resource factors influence whether equipment is maintained effectively and remains functional. This scoping review will map the literature on factors influencing biomedical equipment maintenance across Africa. ​ The review is protocol will follow PRISMA-ScR guidance and JBI scoping review methods. Searches will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Global Health, and WHO Global Index Medicus, with additional searching of grey literature and institutional reports​. Studies published in English and French will be eligible. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be charted using a standardized extraction form, and findings will be summarized descriptively and thematically. This review will map the available evidence on factors influencing biomedical equipment maintenance in Africa. The findings will identify common themes, evidence gaps, and areas for future research and practice.