From Access to Impact: Lessons from African Academic Libraries in Driving Digital Transformation and Knowledge Equity

African academic libraries are undergoing a profound structural transformation from traditional repositories of information into digitally enabled knowledge ecosystems that actively support research, innovation, and inclusive development. This paper examines how collaborative library consortia, continental coordination frameworks, and digital infrastructure systems are reshaping scholarly communication and advancing knowledge equity across African higher education institutions. Using a qualitative desk-review methodology, the study synthesises evidence from peer-reviewed literature, institutional reports, policy frameworks, and technical documents published between 2021 and 2026. The analysis focuses on key actors and systems, including the Consortium of Uganda University Libraries, the Kenya Library and Information Services Consortium, the Association of African Universities, Electronic Information for Libraries, Research4Life, and National Research and Education Networks such as the Research and Education Network for Uganda. Findings indicate that African academic library consortia have evolved beyond traditional resource procurement models into complex socio-technical ecosystems integrating digital infrastructure development, capacity building, policy advocacy, open science implementation, and institutional innovation. These transformations are strengthening research visibility, improving access to scholarly resources, and enhancing the resilience of higher education systems. The paper concludes that African academic libraries are increasingly functioning as strategic drivers of epistemic equity and digital transformation, offering a scalable model for Global South institutions seeking to align knowledge systems with sustainable development priorities and the evolving digital knowledge economy.