From Environmental Knowledge to Sustainable Action: An Anthropological Study of Ecological Citizenship among Students at the Catholic University of Rwanda

Abstract: Environmental degradation and climate change increasingly require citizens who can translate environmental knowledge into responsible and sustainable action. Universities, particularly institutions integrating education, ethics, and faith, have an important role in developing such ecological citizenship. This study examines the relationship between environmental knowledge, values, and sustainable practices among 70 students of the Faculty of Theology at the Catholic University of Rwanda (CUR). It asks: How does environmental knowledge contribute to the development of ecological citizenship and sustainable action among students? The study hypothesizes that strong environmental knowledge, combined with theological and moral values, positively influences students’ environmental attitudes and behaviours. An anthropological mixed-methods approach was employed. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 70 students, complemented by semi-structured interviews and direct observation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative information was examined thematically. Findings indicate that 97.1% (68/70) of respondents possess a high level of awareness of major environmental challenges. Furthermore, 94.3% (66/70) consider environmental protection a moral and social responsibility, while 91.4% (64/70) believe that Christian stewardship of creation should influence everyday environmental behaviour. 88.6% (62/70) report regularly adopting sustainable practices such as proper waste management, water conservation, energy saving, and environmental cleanliness. In addition, 92.9% (65/70) express willingness to participate in university and community environmental initiatives. However, the findings reveal a modest gap between individual commitment and sustained collective environmental action. The study concludes that theological education can strengthen ecological citizenship by connecting faith, stewardship, moral responsibility, and practical environmental engagement.