Abstract
The sounds represented by the letters b, d, g, and j as normally pronounced in Swahili are different from English. In Swahili there is a momentary sucking in of breath for the production of these sounds. (In phonetic terms, they are implosives.) What happens is that the vocal cords come together closing the glottis, at the same time as, say, the tips come together for a ‘b’. Then the glottis is lowered, causing rarefaction of the air between the glottis and the lips. Then when the lips part for the ‘b’, air enters the vocal tract from the outside. This makes a rather ‘hollow’ sound. The following face diagrams show the sequence of movement (imagine a head cut in two, front to back).