Genetic Variability, Trait Associations, and Yield Determinants in Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties under Ethiopian Highland Conditions

Improving Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) productivity requires the identification of genetically diverse, high-yielding varieties. This study assessed genetic variability, trait associations, and superior varieties for breeding in Ethiopia. Thirteen Kabuli chickpea varieties were evaluated at Wegdi and Legambo districts using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield and related agronomic traits were analyzed using analysis of variance, genetic parameter estimation, correlation, and path coefficient analyses. Highly significant (P < 0.01) differences were observed among varieties for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 82.21% to 97.47%, suggesting strong genetic control. Grain yield showed positive associations with several yield-related traits. Path analysis identified traits with positive direct effects on yield, highlighting their importance as selection criteria. Qobo (4153 and 3932 kg ha⁻¹), Kasech (3839 and 3767 kg ha⁻¹), Qoqa (3673 and 3543 kg ha⁻¹), and Akuri (3083 and 2883 kg ha⁻¹) consistently produced the highest yields across locations. High genetic variability and heritability indicate strong potential for yield improvement. Qobo, Kasech, Qoqa, and Akuri are promising varieties for cultivation and use in chickpea breeding programs.