Geospatial Analysis of Tsetse Infestation and Animal African Trypanosomiasis in Busia County, Kenya

African trypanosomiasis (AT) is a vector‐borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma , primarily transmitted through the bite of infected tsetse flies in the genus Glossina . The disease is a major constraint to livestock production, causing reduced productivity, anemia, and mortality in affected animals. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from November to December 2024 to assess the spatial prevalence of AAT in cattle as well as tsetse fly abundance in Busia County, Kenya. A total of 762 cattle randomly selected from seven villages in Busia County were screened for AAT using the quantitative buffy coat technique. Packed cell volume (PCV) values were also determined. A tsetse survey was done by deploying 60 tsetse odor‐baited biconical traps in thickets and along streams in Funyula, Butula, and Teso North subcounties to estimate tsetse flies′ distribution and density. Overall reported prevalence of AAT was 6.82% (95% CI: 5.2–8.80). Trypanosoma vivax reported the highest prevalence amongst the reported species at 4.72%, which was significant ( p  = 0.006). Age, grazing system and breed significantly ( p  < 0.05) increased odds for trypanosome infection in cattle. Overall mean PCV for the study population was 24.82%. AAT‐positive cattle registered significantly lower PCV (22.7 ± 3.38%) compared with 26.94 ± 1.71.0% in the trypanosome‐negative cattle ( p  = 0.027). Two tsetse fly species were captured, with an apparent density ranging from 0.00 to 0.35 across the study sites. Species‐wise, tsetse catches were not statistically different in fly trap densities (FTD) between Glossina pallidipes (Gpd) and Glossina fuscipes fuscipes ( p  = 0.429), despite Gpd exhibiting a higher mean FTD (0.117, SD = 0.175). The study confirmed that AAT is still endemic in Busia County, with evidence that transmission is localized rather than widespread.